The Making of a Mediterranean EmirateThe thirteenth century marks a turning point in the history of the western Mediterranean. The armies of Castile and Aragon won significant and decisive victories over Muslims in Iberia and took over a number of important cities including Cordoba, Seville, Jaen, and Murcia. Chased out of their native cities, a large number of Andalusis migrated to Ifrqiy in northern Africa. There, a newly founded Hafsid dynasty (1229 1574) welcomed members of the